Invasive Plants

I had never thought of the magnificent Casuarinas that loom over the southern exposure of my house as invasive.  Massive, yes.  Incredibly hard wood, yes that’s why it’s called ironwood. And bright red roots aggressively seek moisture and nutrients.  When I was first getting the hang of worm composting a few years ago, I made the mistake of placing the worm bin directly on the ground.  It was summer. The bin was about 20 feet away from one of the biggest trees.   It was well watered and shaded from the harsh heat, but what I found out too late is that the roots had invaded the worm bin.  By the time I noticed the roots had reached throughout every part of the worm bin and most of the worms had migrated out.  This surprising event made me recognize my need to be more vigilant if I wanted success with vermi-culture.  The trees near my house are over 50 feet tall, having been allowed to grow tall and thick over twenty years or so, but this tree can also be managed as a low hedge through coppicing.  The needle-like vegetation is nutritious to sheep and cattle.   This tree’s versatility and value as a forage make it a winner, just one to watch out for.

Another introduced plant that I have been sparring with is the rootstock of a Passiflora that sends endless runners to suck moisture then launches new shoots over established plants. I take comfort in the fact that it is hard to eradicate by remembering that it produces a lot of succulent green matter for the compost.   With great effort it could perhaps be trained on an attractive topiary structure, but it’s flowers are not the showiest and the fruit are not edible.  Best for the compost I think.

The worst ‘weeds’ are classified by their invasiveness.   They have the ability to become resistant to herbicide sprays, so farmers are advised to vary and ‘change up’ the sprays with different products to fight the development of herbicide resistant weeds.  Unfortunately I cannot resist mentioning that the one thing weeds will never become resistant to is the hoe.   Follow KrsnaKumari on Twitter

Garden Insights for 2010

My garden is a small, tree-circled zone, about 3/4 acre altogether, but really providing  less than 1000 square feet of sunny planting space. Dominant trees include Casuarina, Sycamore, Oak, Pine, Poplar and Privot.  Surrounding this is quite vast acreage on 3 sides that are alternatively planted to row crops. Over the past 4 years the line-up has consisted primarily of Tomato, Safflower, Wheat, Oats, Sunflower and Corn.

Humbling Revelations

Making or acquiring sufficient compost to overcome the incredibly opportunistic roots of Casuarina trees would have made a big difference, but was beyond my capacity.  Raised beds with root resistant barrier cloth at the bottom is probably the best approach for vegetable production in the small sunny spot available.  Though I did not muster the resources for that envisioned project, I still managed to produce some tomatoes, okra, peppers, peas and plenty of swiss chard, kale and mustard greens.

Summary Thoughts

1.  Ground squirrels, gophers and moles, turkeys, deer and coyotes can seriously and negatively affect plant growth and harvest potential.  Even our own pets weigh in on plant selection; changing and adding pathways, increasing the size of holes, etc.  Work around by increasing the number of plantings and accepting a higher level of ambiguity and uncertainty.  Try out tough, shade tolerant, edible perrenials like currants or gooseberry to create vertical growth that is easier to protect. Fence and discourage predators whenever practical.

2.  Cleavers (Galium ssp).is considered by many to be a ‘weed’, however in my garden this spring and summer, cleavers growing up with the unruly spearmint and Passiflora on the east side of the house served as a welcome helper.  As an alternative to harsh trimming I decided to use the cleavers to ‘clasp’ the spearmint in stepping stone areas where I didn’t want them to grow.  It works like velcro, sticking to itself nicely, and will present some semblance of order if you’re willing to take the time to do a little plant weaving.  http://www.plantsystematics.org/imgs/dws/r/Rubiaceae_Galium_odoratum_12598.html

3.  Direct seeded wildflower blends are great to try out for difficult areas.  ‘Weeds’ are sometimes actually under-apreciated allies for health.  From a design point of view, they can help you to balance a garden’s low maintenance objectives with productivity and beauty.  Try planting wildflowers to attract wildlife and provide seasonal color, then harvest your own herbal medicinals, such as Saint John’s Wort, Evening Primrose and Burdock.

4.  You can never make too much compost.  Vermicomposting is worth a go.   http://www.redwormcomposting.com/ http://www.worms.com/worm-factory.html

5.  Always look for opportunities to plant more trees, especially food producing ones.  Don’t forget edible espaliers, hedges and windrows,and wildly productive ‘freelance’ plantings that defy the odds.  Support regional and activist movements to restore forests and orchards and protect water supplies.  http://www.treesforlife.org.uk/

6.  Trees can grow into a house: http://www.urbangardensweb.com/2009/07/23/how-to-grow-your-own-living-house/

7.  Trees can grow into furniture. and so much more: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_shaping

8.  Patenting ‘Life’ creates problems.  Seed saving is a mainstay of  ‘Food Democracy.’  Safety and ethics of GMO derived food, drug and pesticide products is in question.  If you are open to considering alternative paradigms, please check out: http://onthecommons.org/art-and-practice-common-ground

‘Tis the season

Owari Satsuma mandarins taste even better than they look. Buy local whenever possible! These lovelies are from Four Winds Growers in Winters, CA.

All About Mandarins

Best Tips for Growing Citrus Trees Indoors

Successful indoor growing means being especially careful to not over water! Indoor air can be quite dry and a shock to trees being brought in after summering outdoors. Here are my seven tips for helping your citrus trees to thrive indoors.
1. Let roots dry to 50% before bringing in. If the tree is thirsty for its first watering indoors it will make the adjustment more easily.
2. Use a probe type moisture tester so you can be sure to get accurate measurements of root moisture. For about $8.00 this is insurance against over watering that, with the proper care, can last for many years.
3. Only water when the tester indicates a wetness level of 50% dry in the root zone.
4. Be sure the pot size is correct for the size of the roots. A tree in an oversized pot will tend to stay too wet because the roots are of insufficient size to take up the volume of water supplied.
5. Very important: Pot up in a very light, fast draining soil mix. An ideal blend is a commercial garden soil formulated for outdoor use mixed with at least one third volume of cedar or redwood shavings. The shavings keep air in the root zone after watering. Avoid soil mixes that contain chemical wetting agents. If using an Organic soil mix, use up to 50% shavings to assure a fast draining mix. Blend very thoroughly and pot up so that citrus ‘crown roots’ show above the soil line.
6. Do not put gravel on the bottom of your planting pot, because this impedes drainage over time.
7. Fill a large saucer with rocks or other drainage material and set the pot on top. This increases humidity while keeping the pot elevated above the drainage water.

Remember, citrus do best when kept on the dry side of moist! They are heavy feeders, so choose a high Nitrogen fertilizer, ideally one formulated for citrus, and use it regularly throughout the growing season. Finally, and most importantly: provide enough sunshine! Citrus need at least 8 hours of full sun per day to be productive. Supplement with grow lights indoors if necessary.

Spin and the Art of Growing Locally

Here’s a short film recommendation.  Long a supporter of organic agriculture, and a graduate of Fresno State’s mainstream agriculture program in the 1980’s, I resonate with the individuals in this film who argue for re-centralizing food production – both practically and in the popular consciousness. It heartened me to see other former Aggies speaking out for a better use of the land, despite what the land grant colleges may espouse.  http://vimeo.com/5309127

There’s more support than ever for fledgling food producers. SPIN Farming offers helpful information and support for those who want to produce and sell food locally. It offers a blueprint for small scale yet commercially viable food production in neighborhoods and rural settings. www.spinfarming.com

Nature vs. Alienation

It seems obvious that surrounding oneself with growing leafy things and seeing natural imagery is calming to the mind.  But does exposure to nature affect people’s intrinsic aspirations and generosity?  Recent work from a team of psychologists at the University of Rochester suggests “Nature Makes us more Caring.”

October 1, 2009 Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 35, No. 10, 1315-1329 (2009)

It turns out, natural scenes don’t just help us feel better emotionally.  It’s suggested that compassion and community oriented instincts are heightened as well.   The authors hope environmental planners and interior designers will consider these revelations when approaching new designs for public and private spaces.

Results from the 370 participant, four experiment study suggest that nature makes us more charitable and sensitive to the needs of others.  Why would generosity be amplified? One explanation is that multidimensional and complex aspects of the natural world encourage introspection.  Other studies meanwhile are suggesting that urban dwellers exhibit more estrangement, reservation and indifference than do rural dwellers.

Lead author Netta Weinstein: “We are influenced by our environment in ways that we are not aware of. Because of the hidden benefits of connecting with nature, people should take advantage of opportunities to get away from built environments and, when inside, they should surround themselves with plants, natural objects, and images of the natural world. The more you appreciate nature, the more you can benefit. To the extent that our links with nature are disrupted, we may also lose some connection with each other.”

So psychological responses to the world can swing from alienation to community involvement, due in part to the abundance or absence of living greenery and natural imagery in our lives.  Research subjects surrounded by man-made images were found to place more emphasis and value on wealth and fame than their counterparts who were exposed to the natural images.  According to coauthor Andrew Przybylski, “Nature in a way strips away the artifices of society that alienate us from one another.”

These findings offer further evidence of the importance of nature in the maintenance of mental health, and consequently for the health and efficiency of organizations.

Five Steps to Food Freedom

Five Steps to Food Freedom

Back in the days of our great grand parents, daily vittles were consumed in a much simpler world of supply and demand.  Nearly everyone had a vegetable garden whether they lived in the country or a suburb, and many kept chickens or other domestic animals for meat.  A child accompanying a parent to the grocery store was aware of where milk comes from, even if the family didn’t own it’s very own cow.

Contrast that with a complex modern world where many children reach adulthood without ever visiting a farm, and have no idea what it takes to produce the food we all come to expect and take for granted.   If you are reading this, you may be among the awakened; someone who values your right to choose what you eat.  But despite your willingness to discern these choices, largely a result of the organic food movement which has taken hold in the US over the last 25 years, there are awareness gaps which preclude truly knowledgeable choices.  How is this possible?

Industrial agriculture – it’s very much alive and well, despite longstanding organic activism and consumer demands for pure safe food.  In fact, a surprising non sequiteur of recent years is the eruption of large scale organic production systems which eschew biodiversity and are therefore monocultures.  Large scale organic production is increasingly common while small family farms – organic and otherwise- continue to dissolve. Today’s increasingly ubiquitous industrial ag corporations operate internationally and aim for total control of production, from seed to table. Through the introduction of GE (genetically engineered) crops an increasingly complex contracts, mega corporations dictate farmers’ choices with an expert combination of economic and legal pressures. These controlling tactics functionally emasculate farmers and ultimately put consumers and the entire food system at risk. While biotechnology research and development has ushered in a frighteningly fast paced era of industrial agriculture, oversight by Federal agencies such as EPA, FDA and USDA is woefully inadequate.

As opposed to the long-promised vision of GE as a solution to world hunger, biotechnology “products” are actually being developed to force farmers’ increased use of agricultural chemicals, most notably the herbicide Glyphosate (RoundUp).  Farmers like Canadian producer Percy Schmeiser have been forced to defend themselves against legal actions  when their fields were contaminated by pollen from genetically modified crops.  Genetic contamination is the new pollution, and an increasing threat to organic agriculture.

In response to these threats, we turn a new corner in our quest to uphold safe food choices. The issues are complex and in many ways overwhelming.  But there are tools for action.    Glimpsing these threats of industrial agriculture, we see the implications of consumer ignorance and farmer compliance which further the status quo.  We see that we must reignite strong public opinion.  The public must demand safe food, sustainably produced.

“Five Steps to Food Freedom” means a multi pronged approach to facing our food system head on, and demanding alternatives.  To begin on a positive, US nonchalance regarding genetically engineered crops is not a shared attitude in many countries around the world.  Organized food awareness movements in Japan and Europe have insisted on labeling for GMO foods and products, and this trend works in our favor when we bring the issue to the attention of our elected representatives.

  1. Write to your representatives to express concern about the safety of GE foods.  Farmers must receive assurances of protection from seed and crop contamination from GE crops.  Insist that the FDA, EPA and USDA monitor the development and use of GE crops and products and enforce safety protocols.  Check out the work of Cal GE Free (Occidental Arts and Ecology), Western Organization of Resource Councils (WORC), Organic Consumers Association, Hawaii GE Free and others.  Respond to appeals and make your views known.  Finally, demand that all GE foods and products produced through GMO technology be labeled as such.
  2. Support local farming and organic agriculture by buying through a regional CSA (Community Supported Agriculture) or at your local farmer’s market.  Check out the “Slow Food” Movement online at www.slowfood.org and seek to choose foods which are produced in a manner that is ecologically sound, economically viable and socially just (sustainable).
  3. Grow your own garden.  Even if you only have space in pots, you can get a feel for producing your own ecologically sound food by making the effort to grow your own.  There are many resources to support all aspects of organic gardening, most notably Rodale publications, Mother Earth News, and a wealth of on-line resources.  Make compost and revel in the truly sustainable cycle of life as you garden with nature.
  4. Industrialized meat production is unsavory, unsanitary and dangerous.  If you care to eat meat, choose free range or humanely produced products which should be labeled as such.  Avoid consuming fish which is caught using drift nets or using other industrial means which create huge amount of “by-catch”.  The incredible waste many types of ocean fishing is unsustainable and damaging to ocean biodiversity and health.  Choose “dolphin-safe” tuna.  For more information on this see the Center for Food Safety Web Site.  Also for updated sustainable fish choices (they change throughout the year and by region) visit the website of the Monterey Bay Aquarium.
  5. Encourage your friends and relatives to buy organic, and buy locally as much as possible.  We mustn’t simply preach to the choir.  It is imperative that more consumers understand the gravity of their food choices.  We indeed do vote with our dollars, and food choices are just about the most politically instantaneous votes we can cast.

The more we know about our food supply, the better chance we’ll have to ensure it is safe and responsible.  Consumers, farmers and the environment all need protections and assurances which are easily undermined by corporate interests.  These five simple steps are a starting point toward food freedom.   If everyone takes action we can be assured that our efforts will bear fruit.  Let’s demand nothing less than a future where sustainable farming, fair production contracts for farmers, and safe food is the norm.

Next Newer Entries